What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose?

Vitamin K is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose because it plays a crucial role in the synthesis of several clotting factors that are dependent on vitamin K for their production, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. Warfarin functions as an anticoagulant by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, leading to reduced synthesis of these clotting factors, which in turn prevents proper blood clotting.

When there is an overdose of Warfarin and excessive anticoagulation occurs, administering vitamin K helps to restore the levels of functional clotting factors. This action supports the body’s ability to promote clotting and counteracts the effects of Warfarin. In clinical practice, based on the severity of the overdose and the INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels, vitamin K can be given orally or intravenously, providing a rapid reversal of the anticoagulation effects.

The other options listed are not appropriate for reversing Warfarin effects. Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin, calcium gluconate is used for calcium deficiency or toxicity related to magnesium, and sodium citrate is often used as an anticoagulant in blood products. None of these have a role in counteracting the antico