Which is a noted adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?

The noted adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough. This side effect occurs in a significant number of patients taking these medications, primarily due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which helps to lower blood pressure. However, the inhibition of ACE also prevents the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to an increased level of this peptide in the body. The accumulation of bradykinin can cause irritation in the respiratory tract, resulting in a persistent dry cough that some patients may find bothersome enough to discontinue the medication.

In contrast, weight loss is not typically associated with ACE inhibitors; in fact, weight changes can occur due to other factors. Frequent urination is usually not a direct side effect of ACE inhibitors unless in the context of heart failure or concurrent diuretic therapy. Increased heart rate is not a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors; they are more likely to promote a decrease in heart rate due to lower blood pressure. Understanding these mechanisms helps clarify the specific adverse effects attributable to ACE inhibitors.